Slag cement is often referred to as ground granulated blastfurnace slag ggbfs. The coke is combusted to produce carbon monoxide, which reduces the iron ore to a molten iron product. It has been widely used as a cement replacement material due to its latent hydraulic properties, while fa has been used as a pozzolanic material to enhance the physical, chemical and mechanical properties of cements and concrete20. Mechanochemical modification of cement with high volumes of. The influence of activators, including naoh, na 2 co 3, carbide slag cs, naohcs, na 2 co 3 cs, and na 2 so 4 cs, on the stabilization efficacy was. Ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs or ggbfs is obtained by quenching molten iron slag a byproduct of iron and steelmaking from a blast furnace in water or steam, to produce a glassy, granular product that is then dried and ground into a fine powder. Processing of granulated blast furnace slag and its. Granulated blast furnace slag granulated blast furnace slag is a glassy granular material that varies, depending on the chemical composition and method of production, from a coarse, popcornlike friable structure greater than 4. Substance ground granulated blastfurnace slag ggbs reach registration number. Activation of blast furnace slag with soda production waste. In this paper, two types of granulated blast furnace slag cements were used to study mechanical and shrinkage properties of water cured. Aircooled slag the molten slag flows into a cooling yard, where it is cooled slowly by natural cooling and by spraying with water.
Blast furnace slag material description user guidelines. Byproduct materials such as fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag. Granulated blast furnace slag in structural lightweight panel for housing by. It is a recovered industrial byproduct of an iron blast furnace. The raw materials iron ore, coke and fluxes are fed into the top of the furnace. You are sitting on a pile whose potential worth in india is at least rs. The efficiency, which the molten blast furnace slag is rapidly chilled, as well as the chemical composition of the slag source, largely determines its cementitious properties for use in concrete. This specification covers three strength grades of finely ground granulated blastfurnace slag grades 80, 100, and 120 for use as a cementitious material in concrete and mortars. Blast furnance slag user guideline portland cement. Standard specification for slag cement for use in concrete.
Granulated blast furnace slag are described by characteristics such as category of alpha coefficient. Gbfs is said to increase durability of concrete due to an increased setting time, which reduces. When the metallurgical smelting process is complete, the lime in the flux has been chemically combined with the aluminates and silicates of the ore and coke ash to form a nonmetallic product called blast furnace slag. Granulated blast furnace slag bim object definition from nbs.
Converter slag in the same way as aircooled blast furnace slag, converter slag is cooled slowly by natural cooling and water spray in a cooling yard. The crushed ore is systematically fed into a blast furnace. Page 5 granulated blast furnace slag is produced by quickly quenching chilling molten slag to. The water quenching process is termed granulation and its product, granulated blast furnace slag, is sandlike in appearance. These operate at a temperature of about 1500 degrees centigrade and are fed with a carefully controlled mixture of iron ore, coke and limestone. Granulated ground blast furnace slag ggbfs is a key constituent of cem iias, cem iibs and cem iii cements.
Use of aircooled blast furnace slag as coarse aggregate in. Blast furnace slag an overview sciencedirect topics. Analysis of slag flow in blast furnace during the extraction. Effect of ground granulated blastfurnace slag on the hydration and. Grade 80 has a low activity index and is used primarily in mass structures because. This paper investigated the stabilization efficacy of alkaliactivated ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs for a marine soft clay, compared with that of portland cement pc. The slag shall contain no additions and shall conform to the sulfide sulfur and sulfate chemical composition. Ground granulated blast furnace slag is used as an additive with portland cement in combination with water and aggregates to form concrete. One of the most sustainable construction materials available, slag decreases greenhouse gas emissions and the use of virgin materials. When this slag is actively cooled and ground, gbfs is produced, which can be utilised as a cement or concrete addition. Slag ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs is produced by quenching molten iron slag a byproduct of iron and steelmaking from a blast furnace in water, to produce a granular product that is then dried and ground into a fine powder. Ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs chemical. Granulated blast furnace slag is the glassy material formed by water quenching of molten slag discharged from the blast furnaces in the ironmaking industry. Ground granulated blast furnace ggbf slag used in concrete.
The flowcharacteristic of blast furnace slags is strongly influenced by the extent of reduction of iron oxide at low temperature in the granular zone besides being influenced by the composition, and the quality and the quantity of the gangue in the iron bearing materials. This paper deals with the incorporation of blast furnace granulated slag in sandlime materials as a replacement for hydrated lime during autoclaving conditions. Ground granulated blast furnace slag cement ggbs, a byproduct in steel manufacture, has been used to improve concrete strength development during accelerated curing but poses a challenge of increased shrinkage. Properties of blastfurnace slag cement concrete subjected. Blast furnace slag is used predominately as base and concrete aggregate. Fly ash and blast furnace slag for cement manufacturing gbfs is slag from the iron production in basic oxygen furnaces. The hydration process of cement paste blended with ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs was investigated using calorimetric and. For each of the classes, an activity index is specified. Mills for cement and granulated blastfurnace slag gebr. Gbfsgbs granulated blast furnace slag granulated blastfurnace slag berbentuk butiranpasir merupakan residu pembakaran pada tanur furnace dari proses pemurnian baja atau produk samping dari pabrik baja seperti pt krakatau steel persero tbk. The top countries of suppliers are india, china, and india, from which the percentage of blast furnace slag supply is 8%, 83%, and 8% respectively. Slag slag is a grainy, grey and metallic byproduct of steel production that can be used to produce slag cement and composite cement. Studies on high alumina blast furnace slags amitabh shankar doctoral thesis school of industrial engineering and management department of material science and engineering royal institute of technology se100 44 stockholm sweden 2007 akademisk avhandling som med tillstand av kungliga tekniska hogskolan i stockholm. Production of high compressive strength geopolymers considering fly ash or slag chemical composition.
Formation of csh in calcium hydroxideblast furnace slag. Ggbs ground granulated blast furnace slag is a cementitious material whose main use is in concrete and is a byproduct from the blast furnaces used to make iron. Chemical composition of iron and steel slag the primary components of iron and steel slag are limestone cao and silica sio 2. As slag is generated at high temperature as a liquid in the blast furnace during iron production and subsequently quenched, its composition is essentially that of an overchargebalanced calcium aluminosilicate framework i. Often, the ferrous charge is fluxed, but some room is left to add carbonates directly to the blast furnace top so that daytoday adjustments can be made to achieve a target slag chemistry. A wide variety of ground granulated blast furnace slag options are available to you. Hiraskar and chetan patil abstractthe iron industries produce a huge quantity of blast furnace slag as byproduct, which is a nonbiodegradable waste material from that only a small percentage of it is used by cement industries to manufacture cement. The mineral composition of blast furnace slag generally consists of melilite ca 2 mgsi 2 o 7 ca 2 al 2 sio 7 and merwinite ca 3 mgsi 2 o 8. Although portland blast furnace slag cement, which is made by intergrinding the granulated slag with portland cement clinker blended cement, has been used for more than 60 years, the use of separately ground slag combined with portland cement. Blast furnace slag is formed when iron ore or iron pellets, coke and a flux either limestone or dolomite are melted together in a blast furnace. Ground granulated blast furnace slag, more commonly referred to as slag or slag cement, is a byproduct of steel production. Comparing properties of concrete containing electric arc. The granulated slag is then ground to a controlled fineness, typically greater than that of gu portland cement, and the finished product, called ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs is ready for shipment to our customers.
Alkaliactivated groundgranulated blast furnace slag for. The only production of lead blast furnace slag from an indigenous source is from the lead smel. How can one distinguish between ground granulated blast. Geopolymer bricks using iron ore tailings, slag sand, ground. Use of blast furance slag as a filler material in rural road. The chemical composition of a slag varies considerably depending on the composition of the raw materials in the iron production process. Blast furnace slag materials are generally available from slag processors located near iron production centers. Geopolymer based on mechanically activated aircooled blast. It is generally recognized that the rate of hardening of slag cement is somewhat slower than that of ordinary portland cement during the first 28 days but thereafter increases so that at 12 months the strengths become close to or even exceed those of. Dicalcium silicate ca 2 sio 4 14284232, merwinite ca 3 mgsi 2 o 8 8644, and gehlenite ca 2 al 2 sio 7 2563. Iron is extracted from iron ore in a blast furnace by a process known as reduction.
How can one distinguish between ground granulated blast furnace slag and iron slag. It is then processed and used for various iron and steel slag converter applications. Other components of blast furnace slag include alumina alsub2 o 3 and magnesium oxide mgo, as well as a small amount of sulfur s, while steelmaking slag contains iron oxide feo and magnesium oxide mgo. The application of recycled waste glass powder in high volume 60% of ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs or fly ash blended. The physical structure and gradation of granulated slag depend on the chemical composition of the slag, its temperature at the time of water quenching, and the. Ground granulated blast furnace slag in concrete and its. Ground granulated blastfurnace slag ggbfs, sometimes simply referred to as slag, is a glassy granular material formed when molten blastfurnace slag is rapidly chilled, as by immersion in water.
When it is ejected from a blast furnace, the slag is molten at a temperature of approximately 1,500 depending on the cooling method used, it is classified either as aircooled slag or granulated slag. Properties of hardened concrete with blast furnace slag. Fly ash and blast furnace slag for cement manufacturing. Slag is primarily composed of cao, sio 2, aluminum oxide al 2 o 3, and magnesium oxide mgo.
Is chemical analysis important or is there another method. Limestone powder and gypsums, with two different types of fineness, were other additives used. The sca is proud to promote the use of slag cement to ready mix producers and industry professionals who understand the durable and sustainable benefits of slag cement in producing high quality concrete. Physical properties of ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs ground granulated blast furnace slag have a color nearly white in appearance. These are the minerals that are found in most of the cementitious substances. Chemical composition of ground granulated blast furnace slag. Cemsave is the proprietary name of granulated blast furnace slag, dryground to the same fineness as cement. Blast furnace slag material description origin in the production of iron, iron ore, iron scrap, and fluxes limestone andor dolomite are charged into a blast furnace along with coke for fuel. However, concrete made with grade 80 ground granulated blastfurnace slag will have a lower compressive strength at all ages. Portland blast furnace slag cement is a mixture of ordinary portland cement and not more than 65 wt. The majority of components in granulated blast furnace slag are various glassy metallic silicates iron, calcium, magnesium, aluminum, and titanium silicates, including.
In chhattisgarh blast furnace slag used as a filling material in many road construc. Ggbf slag has been used in concrete in japan and western europe since the 1940s. Therefore, in order to confirm the possibility of using electric arc furnace eaf oxidizing slag as a binder, a comparative assessment of the mechanical properties of concrete containing electric arc furnace oxidizing slag, steelmaking slag, and granulated blast furnace gbf slag was performed. Blast furnace slag01 original purpose of this report the original purpose was to provide information to the environment agency about the production, use and material classification of blast furnace slag bfs via the production of a technical report by a bfs technical advisory group tag. As a product of calcinated fluxstone and the alumina and silica phases present in iron ore, the four major oxide phases present in acbfs are oxides of calcium cao, silica. Characteristics of portland blastfurnace slag cement. There are two distinct types of slag produced at the bluescope steel port kembla site. Durability of soft soil treated with soda residue and ground granulated blast furnace slag in a. Page 2 blast furnace slag as a concrete aggregate part i properties of blast furnace slag our natural aggregates, such as stone and gravel of suitable quality for concrete making, are rapidly becoming depleted in many localities. Composition and microstructure of 20yearold ordinary portland cementground granulated blastfurnace slag blends containing 0 to 100% slag author links open overlay panel r. Steelmaking slag bos or eaf mainly consist of dicalciumsilicate ca 2 sio 4, dicalciumferrite ca 2 fe 2 o 5 and wuestite fe 1 x y,mg x,mn yo z the physical properties of iron and steel slags depend on the chemistry as well as the cooling.
The iron ore is reduced to iron and the remaining materials from a slag. Cements containing ground granulated blast furnace slag are available from many producers of portland cement or directly from ground granulated blast furnace slag cement manufacturers. Reactivity alteration of granulated blast furnace slag by. Characterization and performance of high volume recycled waste. Our machines and processes for the cement and granulated blastfurnace slag industry grinding of cement andor granulated blastfurnace slag material separation in the filter the cement components are ground, dried, and classified in the pfeiffer vertical roller mill. Slag cement is a hydraulic cement formed when granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs is ground to suitable fineness and is used to replace a portion of portland cement. In this paper, two types of granulated blast furnace slag cements were used to study mechanical and shrinkage properties of water cured and concrete subjected to accelerated curing. Chemical composition of aircooled blast furnace slag acbfs and ground. The specifications of granulated blast furnace slag that acts as the raw material for ground granulated blast furnace slag are. Material classification for iron blast blast furnace slag. The cemsave concrete mixers were chosen so as to be comparable in workability and 28. Granulated blast furnace slag is a glassy granular material that varies, depending on the chemical composition and method of production, from a coarse, popcornlike friable structure greater than 4.
Molten slag diverted from the iron blast furnace is rapidly chilled, producing glassy granules that yield. Chemical composition of ground granulated blast furnace slag the composition of slag essentially depends on the raw materials used in the iron production process. Studies on the physical properties of ground granulated. Blast furnace slag is mostly an amorphous product, comprising little amounts of crystalline phases such as akermanite ca 2 mgsi 2. Samples of ground granulated blastfurnace slag are sent, periodically, to an independent laboratory for testing. Identification of the substancemixture and of the companyundertaking product identification a fine offwhite to light grey powder which is used as an cementitious additive. Material classification for iron blast furnace slag bfs inert blast furnace slag iron blast furnace slag bfs is a byproduct of the iron making process. Iron is manufactured from iron ore which is a mixture of oxides of iron, silica and alumina. Properties and uses of iron and steel slag mf 1826 national slag association.
From the above two differences in composition compared with the portland cement, would show changes in the hydration reaction as well as the hydration products that are given ggbfs. Ground granulated blastfurnace slag wikimili, the free. Granulated blast furnace slag, ground granulated blast. This order does not apply to the supply of blast furnace slag or blended blast furnace slag to a consumer for land application at a premises for which the consumer holds a licence under the poeo act that authorises the carrying. Ground granulated blastfurnace slag is obtained by quenching molten iron slag from a blast furnace in water or steam, to produce a glassy, granular product. Slag cement, ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs, granulated blast furnace slag gbfs, slag product form. Ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs1 is a by product from the blast furnaces used to make iron. Typical chemical composition contains calcium oxide 40 %, silica 35%, alumina % and magnesia 8%. The composition of slag essentially depends on the raw materials used in the iron production process.
Substitution of grade 100 ground granulated blastfurnace slag will generally yield an equivalent or greater strength at 28 days. The composition of the ore and the process of mineral extraction adopted have a direct. Blast furnace slag material description user guidelines for. The slag grainsize grinding and the heat treatment in saturated vapour pressure autoclave conditions were investigated to study the compressive strength behaviour of the new material. This morphology change provides the slag with its cementitious properties. Slag cement granulated blast furnace slag 11 benefits of the concretes produced with blast furnace slag cement hydration the reaction between blast furnace slag cement and water is a complicated process. Ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs is designated in astm c 989 and consists mainly of silicates and aluminosilicates of calcium. Concrete containing slag is estimated to comprise approximately 20 percent of the hydraulic cement produced in europe. Abs is a crystalline byproduct produced by the solidification of molten blastfurnace slag. Granulated blast furnace slag is a glassy granular material that varies, depending on the chemical composition and method of production, from coarse popcorn like friable structure greater than 4. They include portland cement as covered by aashto m85 2, portland blast furnace slag cement blended cement type is, and slag cement slag cement type s as per aashto m240. Pyrometallurgy, blast furnace, slag viscosity, slag liquidus temperature, phase equilibria abstract the viscosity of molten slag in blast furnace operations is an important process variable, influencing the rate and location of reactions inside the furnace, as well as the ease with which the final slag could be removed from the.
Properties of hardened concrete with blast furnace slag ggbfs the physical properties of ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs provides advantages to the. Use of blast furnace slag s as sand and gravel for the construction of road beds, basic filler in asphaltconcrete mixtures for the construction of road and airport coatings, unroasted cement binder for reinforcing roadways and preparing slowsetting concrete. The compressive strength development of cement mortar. The lead blast furnace slags obtained in lead smelters average about 23 per cent lead and 1016 per cent zinc and can be considered as a valuable raw material for the recovery of lead and zinc as byproducts. The main constituents of blast furnace slag are cao, sio2, al2o3 and mgo.
Blast furnace control using slag viscosities and liquidus. Augmenting granulated blast furnace slag gbfs content in portland slag cement psc beyond the conventional limit of 70% is the stimulus for this study. Carbonates, either limestone caco 3 or dolomite mgco 3, are frequently added to the blast furnace for slag composition control. Approximately 110 kg of slag is generated for each ton of converter steel. Blast furnace slag as a concrete aggregate mf 1638 a. The particles are further dried and ground in a rotating ball mill to form a fine powder, known as ground granulated blast furnace slag cement. Composition and microstructure of 20yearold ordinary. Cemsave is the proprietary name of granulated blastfurnace slag, dryground to the same fineness as cement.
Silicate and aluminate impurities from the ore and coke are combined in the blast furnace with a flux which lowers the viscosity of the slag. A wide variety of blast furnace slag options are available to you, there are 765 suppliers who sells blast furnace slag on, mainly located in asia. It is a nonmetallic product, consisting of silicates and aluminosilicates of. Effects of ground granulated blast furnace slag in. Blast furnace slag is fulfilling the filling material properties. Ground granulated blast furnace slag is used as an additive with portland cement in. This involves the activation of the slag with alkalis and sulphates in order to form its hydration product. I have 2 million ton of granulated blast furnace slag. The effects of fines and chemical composition of three types of ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs on various concrete. Activation of blast furnace slag with soda production.
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